Best Creatine on the Market: Top 10 Expert Picks

Creatine is one of the most popular supplements for building strength, muscle, and performance. Many athletes and gym-goers use it because it helps with energy during workouts and supports recovery.

But with more creatine supplements and brands available than ever before, how do you know which one is right for you?

In this guide, we’ve researched and tested the top 10 creatine supplements available today. Our expert picks are based on purity, effectiveness, customer reviews, and value for money.

[Related] Creatine Gummies vs Powder: Pros, Cons, and Top Picks

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Quick Summary

• What is Creatine? Creatine is a powerful, naturally occurring compound that helps your muscles produce energy during high-intensity exercise, leading to improved performance and growth.
• Why Supplement? While your body produces creatine, supplementing with it can significantly increase your muscle creatine stores, allowing for more intense and productive workouts.
• The Best Forms: Creatine monohydrate is the most widely studied and effective form. It's safe, affordable, and proven to deliver results.
• How to Choose: Look for third-party tested products from reputable brands to ensure purity and quality.
• Our Top Picks: Our list of the top 10 expert-vetted creatine supplements provides a clear, reliable guide to help you find the perfect product to meet your fitness goals.
• Our #1 Pick: Animal Creatine HMB+ by Universal Nutrition is our top choice. This formula combines pure creatine with HMB (beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate) to offer a powerful blend for enhancing strength, accelerating recovery, and maximizing muscle-building benefits.

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What is Creatine?

Creatine is a naturally occurring compound found in small amounts in certain foods and produced by the body, primarily in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. It is stored mainly in your muscles and synthesized in the body from three amino acids: arginine, glycine, and methionine.

Creatine plays a crucial role in fueling high-intensity, short-duration activities like weightlifting, sprinting, and other explosive movements. Inside muscle cells, creatine is converted into phosphocreatine (creatine phosphate), which stores high-energy phosphate groups. During intense exercise, these phosphate groups are rapidly donated to ADP to regenerate ATP (adenosine triphosphate) — the body’s primary source of cellular energy for muscle contractions. By boosting phosphocreatine stores, creatine supplementation enhances this energy system, allowing you to perform harder and recover faster between efforts.

Because of its vital role in energy production, creatine is one of the most researched and effective supplements for improving athletic performance.

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Benefits of Creatine

Creatine supplementation offers numerous benefits, especially for athletes and fitness enthusiasts:

• Increased Strength and Power: Creatine helps muscles produce energy faster during high-intensity workouts, leading to greater strength and power output.
• Enhanced Muscle Growth: By increasing water content in muscle cells and improving training capacity, creatine promotes muscle size and growth over time.
• Improved Recovery: Creatine may reduce muscle cell damage and inflammation, allowing for quicker recovery between workouts.
• Better Exercise Performance: Supplementing with creatine allows you to train harder and longer, improving overall endurance and exercise capacity.
• Support Cognitive Function: Some studies suggest that creatine supports brain function and mental performance, especially in stressful or demanding situations.

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Types of Creatine

1. Creatine Monohydrate (The Gold Standard)

Creatine monohydrate is the original, most-studied, and most-trusted form of creatine available. It has been the subject of hundreds of scientific studies over decades, consistently proving its safety and effectiveness. This form consists of a creatine molecule bonded with a water molecule. This simple structure is highly effective at increasing muscle creatine stores.

2. Creatine Hydrochloride (HCL)

This type bonds creatine with and hydrochloric acid to improve solubility and absorption. Creatine HCL dissolves easily in water and is marketed as requiring smaller doses. Some users report it’s easier on digestion, but research has not confirmed it to be more effective than creatine monohydrate in boosting strength or increasing muscle mass.

3. Micronized Creatine

Micronized creatine is simply creatine monohydrate that has been processed into smaller particles. This makes it easier to dissolve in water and can improve absorption, reducing the likelihood of stomach discomfort. It offers the same benefits as creatine monohydrate but with potentially better mixability.

4. Creatine Ethyl Ester (CEE)

CEE is creatine attached to an ester molecule, which is claimed to improve its absorption rate compared to monohydrate. However, scientific evidence on its superiority is mixed. Some users prefer CEE because it may reduce water retention, though it tends to be more expensive.

5. Buffered Creatine (Kre-Alkalyn)

Buffered creatine is formulated to have a higher pH level, which could potentially enhance stability and reduce breakdown in the stomach. This means it may require smaller doses and cause less bloating or stomach issues. Though popular, more research is needed to confirm these claims.

6. Creatine Malate

This form combines creatine with malic acid, which is involved in energy production in the body. It is thought to aid in endurance and reduce fatigue during longer workouts. Athletes involved in endurance sports may find creatine malate beneficial.

7. Creatine Blends

Some supplements combine creatine with other ingredients like HMB, beta-alanine, or electrolytes. These blends are designed to support strength, endurance, and recovery in one formula. The effectiveness depends on the quality and balance of added ingredients.

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Our Experts' List of the Best Creatine Supplements on the Market

1. Animal Creatine HMB+ by Universal Nutrition

Animal Creatine HMB+ is a cutting-edge muscle-building supplement that combines creatine monohydrate with the advanced recovery compound myHMB® to deliver superior strength and lean muscle mass. This flavored creatine includes a clinical dose of 5 grams of creatine monohydrate paired with 3 grams of myHMB®, offering significantly enhanced results compared to creatine alone.

Research shows this combination promotes 67% greater muscle growth and 38% greater strength gains. Additionally, it contains vitamin D3 to improve HMB effectiveness and an electrolyte blend to support hydration and performance during workouts. This product targets both muscle energy and muscle preservation for faster recovery and improved endurance.

Key Benefits:

• Boosts muscle strength and explosive power
• Enhances lean muscle growth and preservation
• Accelerates recovery between training sessions
• Supports hydration and endurance with electrolytes
• Includes vitamin D3 for immune and muscle health support

Key Ingredients:

• Supercharged Muscle & Strength Matrix:
  • Creatine Monohydrate (5 g)
  • Calcium HMB (as myHMB® calcium ß-Hydroxy ß-Methylbutyrate Monohydrate) (3 g)
• Electrolytes & Hydration:
  • Monopotassium Phosphate
  • Sodium Bicarbonate
  • Magnesium Oxide
  • Sea Salt
• Vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol

Pros:

• Clinically backed combination for superior muscle gains
• Improved strength and recovery beyond creatine alone
• Includes electrolytes for improved hydration and muscle function
• Vitamin D3 enhances the effectiveness of HMB
• Trusted brand with a strong reputation in sports supplements

Cons:

• May be more potent than needed for casual users or beginners
• Contains multiple ingredients, which may not suit those wanting pure creatine
• Electrolyte content might be less relevant for non-intensive users

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2. Creatine-X by PrimaForce

Creatine X by Primaforce is a unique creatine supplement featuring a blend of 10 different types of creatine. This multi-creatine complex is designed to deliver a comprehensive and potent performance boost by providing various forms of creatine that may absorb differently and offer diverse benefits.

It aims to maximize strength, power, and muscle gains while reducing the common issues like bloating and digestive discomfort often associated with traditional creatine monohydrate. The unflavored powder mixes easily and dissolves well in water, making it convenient to include in daily supplementation routines.

Key Benefits:

• Supports increased strength and power output
• Enhances muscle gain and performance
• Reduced bloating compared to some creatine monohydrate products
• Gluten-free, non-GMO, and unflavored for easy mixing

Key Ingredients:

• Creatine Monohydrate
• Magnesium Creatine Chelate
• CON-CRET Creatine HCl
• Creatine Citrate
• Creatine Anhydrous
• Creatine AKG (2:1)
• Creatine Ethyl Ester HCl
• Creatine Pyruvate
• Di-Creatine Malate
• Tri-Creatine Malate

Pros:

• Comprehensive blend of 10 different creatines
• Supports various creatine absorption pathways
• Mixes well and has no strong taste
• Suitable for advanced athletes seeking enhanced performance
• Non-GMO and gluten-free

Cons:

• Multi-creatine blends are debated in effectiveness versus simple monohydrate.
• Potential for GI issues
• Complex formula may not be necessary for casual users
• The claim that a multi-creatine blend is more effective than monohydrate is not supported by scientific consensus

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3. Bucked Up Six Point Creatine

Bucked Up Six Point Creatine is a premium, all-in-one creatine blend designed to maximize strength, power, and muscle volume through a multi-faceted approach. Formulated with six different forms of creatine, this supplement aims to enhance the absorption and sustained release of creatine in muscle cells, supporting better ATP production during high-intensity workouts. The formula is crafted for rapid muscle recovery, improved endurance, and increased muscle pumps.

Key Benefits:

• Multi-creatine blend for fast and sustained creatine release
• Boosts muscle strength, endurance, and recovery
• Enhances cellular hydration for improved pumps
• Supports muscle growth and fat-free mass gain

Key Ingredients:

• Creatine Monohydrate
• Creatine Gluconate
• Creatine Ethyl Ester HCL
• Tri-Creatine Malate
• Di-Creatine Malate
• Creatine Anhydrous

Pros:

• Diverse creatine types for comprehensive muscle support
• Clinically dosed for maximum efficacy
• The lack of flavor allows for flexible use with a variety of beverages
• Clean formula with high-quality ingredients

Cons:

• Multi-ingredient creatine blends may not suit everyone.
• Similar to other creatine blends, the scientific evidence does not show that combining these forms provides a superior benefit

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4. Superhuman Post by Alpha Lion

Alpha Lion Superhuman Post is a premium, comprehensive post-workout formula that goes beyond just creatine. It is specifically designed to be taken after your workout to maximize muscle size, strength, and recovery. The product includes a full clinical dose of creatine monohydrate, but it is supported by a powerful matrix of other ingredients like Betaine Anhydrous, Velositol®, and a hydration blend.

Alpha Lion prides itself on a fully transparent label, meaning no proprietary blends, so you know the exact amount of every active ingredient. The formula also contains essential electrolytes such as sodium and potassium to support rehydration and maintain peak performance levels after intense training regimen. Superhuman Post is designed to optimize every component of muscle recovery so users can achieve size, strength, and volume gains more effectively.

Key Benefits:

• Accelerates muscle recovery and growth post-workout
• Promotes muscle protein synthesis
• Boosts strength and power through pure creatine monohydrate
• Enhances hydration and endurance with electrolytes
• No proprietary blends; full transparency on dosages

Key Ingredients:

• Creatine Monohydrate
• Betaine Anhydrous
• Velositol® Amylopectin Chromium Complex
• Sodium Citrate
• Potassium Citrate
• AstraGin® Astragalus membranaceous (root) and Panax notoginseng (root) Extract
• Calcium Citrate

Pros:

• Clinically dosed ingredients for effective muscle growth
• Supports hydration and recovery simultaneously
• Transparent labeling with no hidden blends
• Supports faster muscle repair

Cons:

• Not purely a creatine supplement, includes additional ingredients
• May not be ideal if you already take separate post-workout supplements
• Contains artificial ingredients

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5. Creatine by Psycho Pharma

Psycho Pharma Creatine is a straightforward, high-quality creatine monohydrate supplement focused on strength, power, and muscle recovery. It uses pure creatine monohydrate, the most studied form of creatine, to enhance ATP production during resistance training, leading to increased energy, improved performance, and faster muscle gains.

This supplement is geared toward athletes and bodybuilders who want a reliable creatine source without unnecessary additives. Psycho Pharma emphasizes purity, potency, and effective dosing to ensure maximal results.

Key Benefits:

• Pure, high-quality creatine monohydrate.
• Provides a full, clinical dose of 5g per serving.
• Increases strength and power output during workouts
• Enhances muscle recovery and endurance
• Supports faster muscle size and lean body mass gains

Key Ingredients:

• Creatine Monohydrate (pure)

Pros:

• High purity and potent dosing of creatine monohydrate
• Simple, no-additive formulation
• Fast absorption and effectiveness
• Affordable creatine supplement compared to blends
• Unflavored creatine monohydrate powder

Cons:

• Lacks additional performance-enhancing ingredients
• Basic formula might not appeal to those seeking multi-ingredient blends

Customer Reviews: Creatine by Psycho Pharma

Good stuff

“good stuff, good quality, good price - will order again”

-Dez

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6. Micronized Creatine Monohydrate by Bucked Up

Micronized Creatine Monohydrate by Bucked Up is a premium-grade creatine powder designed for superior absorption and rapid performance benefits. Being micronized creatine supplement, the powder dissolves quickly in liquids, improving bioavailability and uptake in muscle tissues.

This supplement provides pure creatine monohydrate, which is the most researched and effective form for increasing muscle strength, power, and endurance. The powder is unflavored, making it versatile to mix with water, protein shakes, or pre-/post-workout formulas.

Key Benefits:

• Fast absorption due to micronized form
• Enhances muscular strength, power, and endurance
• Supports rapid ATP regeneration for intense workouts
• Unflavored and easy to mix
• Third-party tested for purity

Key Ingredients:

• Micronized Creatine Monohydrate

Pros:

• High purity and quality assurance
• Micronization improves solubility and absorption
• Free from fillers and additives
• Suitable for all types of athletes

Cons:

• Pure creatine monohydrate may lack multi-ingredient benefits
• No flavoring or additional performance enhancers

Customer Reviews: Creatine Monohydrate by Bucked Up

Creatine

“This is a solid creatine with nothing bad to say about it - it does what its meant to do. No bad taste - mixes easy etc.. 5 stars.”

-Rgd

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7. Universal Nutrition Animal Creatine Chews

Universal Nutrition's Animal Creatine Chews offer a highly convenient and unique way to get your daily creatine dose. Designed for those who dislike mixing powders or swallowing pills, these are chewable tablets that deliver a full, clinical dose of creatine monohydrate.

The formula is also enhanced with AstraGin®, a patented natural compound that is clinically studied to increase the absorption of creatine and other key nutrients. These chews are a perfect on-the-go solution for active individuals, providing the benefits of creatine in a portable and great-tasting format without the need for water or shakers.

Key Benefits:

• Delivers a full dose of creatine monohydrate in a convenient chewable form.
• Enhanced with AstraGin® for improved absorption and nutrient uptake.
• Boosts muscle strength, size, and endurance.

Ingredients:

• Creatine Monohydrate
• AstraGin® (Panax notoginseng & Astragalus membranaceus extracts)
• Sea salt

Pros:

• Highly convenient and portable
• Great taste
• Increases creatine bioavailability
• Third-party tested purity

Cons:

• Contains added sugars and calories
• Chewy texture might not suit everyone

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8. Swoly Creatine Gummies

Swoly Creatine Gummies are an easy and delicious way to supplement with creatine monohydrate without measuring powders or swallowing pills. These gummies provide a convenient dose of creatine along with added carbohydrates to boost absorption and provide quick energy.

Their unique form factor makes creatine intake enjoyable and hassle-free, especially for those who prefer on-the-go supplementation. Lightweight, low-sugar (2.5 g), and approved through third-party testing for purity, they provide a great alternative for those who prefer a sweet routine.

Key Benefits:

• Delicious and easy-to-take alternative to powders
• Contains science-backed creatine dose (4 g)
• Supports muscle growth, strength, and performance.
• Portable and ideal for on-the-go use.
• Third-party purity tested

Ingredients:

• Creatine Monohydrate
• Sucrose, dextrose, maltodextrin, natural & artificial flavors, fruit/veg juice (color), stearic acid, citric acid, carnauba wax.

Pros:

• Our top pick for the best creatine gummies
• Highly convenient and tasty
• Pre-measured daily dosing
• Transparency in testing
• Pleasant taste encourages regular use.
• Portable and travel-friendly

Cons:

• Contains sugars and additives common in gummies
• May not suit those avoiding sweeteners or gelatin (if animal-based) in creatine monohydrate
• Flavor is only available in strawberry

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9. Buck Build by Bucked Up

Buck Build from Bucked Up is a multi-ingredient blend built around five forms of creatine (e.g., Creatine MagnaPower®, Creatine Citrate, Di-Creatine Malate), along with Glutamine blend and BetaPure™ betaine anhydrous to support performance, recovery, and hydration. It’s designed for comprehensive post-workout results in a single scoop.

Key Benefits:

• Supports strength, hydration, and recovery in one formula
• Multiple creatine forms for staggered release
• Includes glutamine and betaine for enhanced repair and endurance

Key Ingredients:

• Creatine Blend
  • Creatine MagnaPower® (Magnesium Creatine Chelate)
  • Creatine Citrate
  • Di-Creatine Malate
  • Creatine AKG (2:1)
  • Creatine Pyruvate
• Glutamine Blend
  • L-Glutamine
  • N-Acetyl L-Glutamine
  • L-Glutamine AKG 2:1
  • L-Alanyl L-Glutamine
• Other
  • BetaPure™ Betaine Anhydrous

Pros:

• All-in-one post-workout complex
• Multi-creatine formula for optimized absorption
• Combining several absorption and performance enhancers
• Backed by a known brand with innovative formulas

Cons:

• Complexity may not suit users seeking simple creatine
• May not be necessary for casual users

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10. Creatine HCL by SNS

Creatine HCL by SNS is a convenient pill form creatine supplement utilizing creatine hydrochloride, a water-soluble and highly bioavailable form of creatine. Known for superior solubility and absorption compared to traditional creatine monohydrate, creatine HCL requires smaller doses to achieve the same effects, making it ideal for those who experience bloating or digestive discomfort with regular creatine. SNS’s formula offers potent muscle strength, power, and recovery benefits. It dissolves quickly in liquids and can be taken pre- or post-workout.

Key Benefits:

• High solubility and absorption for effective use
• Smaller doses needed compared to creatine monohydrate
• Reduces risk of bloating and digestive issues
• Supports muscle strength, power, and endurance
• No loading phase required

Key Ingredients:

• Creatine Hydrochloride (Creatine HCL) - 750 mg per capsule

Pros:

• Easily absorbed and gentle on the stomach
• Convenient dosing with no loading phase
• Potent creatine source for strength and recovery
• Also availible in convenient capsule form (controlled, measurable dosing)

Cons:

• Higher cost per gram compared to monohydrate
• Limited long-term research compared to creatine monohydrate

Customer Reviews: Creatine HCL by SNS

It Works

“This product contributes to my gains.”

-Scott C.

It works

“This supplement supports my workout. It has accelerated my progress.”

Scott C.

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How to Choose the Best Creatine Supplements

1. Type of Creatine

Creatine comes in several forms, each with unique properties and absorption rates. The most researched and commonly recommended type is Creatine Monohydrate, known for its proven effectiveness, safety, and affordability.

Other forms like Creatine HCL (Hydrochloride) offer improved solubility and may reduce water retention and bloating, making them preferable for sensitive users. Multi-creatine blends combine several types to leverage varied benefits but may not be necessary for everyone.

2. Prioritize Purity and Third-Party Testing

The supplement industry is not tightly regulated, so it's crucial to choose a product from a reputable brand that prioritizes quality. Look for supplements that have been independently tested by a third party.

Look for products that are Informed Sport certified or have certifications from organizations like NSF International or USP. These certifications confirm that the product has been tested for banned substances and contaminants, and that the ingredients listed on the label match what's actually in the bottle. This ensures you're getting a clean and safe product.

3. Consider the Formula: Simple vs. All-in-One

Decide whether you want a single-ingredient product or a blend.

• Simple is often best: A pure, unflavored creatine monohydrate powder is the most cost-effective and versatile option. You can mix it with any beverage, and you know exactly what you're getting.
• Blends and Added Ingredients: Some products, like those containing HMB or amino acids, may offer additional benefits. While these can be effective, they often come at a higher price and may not be necessary if you're already getting those nutrients from other supplements or your diet.

4. Choose the Right Format for Your Lifestyle

Creatine supplements come in several forms, each with its own pros and cons:

• Powder: The most common and cost-effective form. Offers flexibility in dosage and is easy to mix into shakes or smoothies.
• Capsules: Convenient and portable, eliminating the need for mixing. Ideal for those who travel frequently or dislike the taste of powders. However, the best creatine pills typically more expensive per serving.
• Gummies/Chews: A delicious and easy-to-take option. However, they are generally the most expensive and may contain added sugars and other ingredients. Some can also have inconsistent dosing due to the manufacturing process.

5. Check Serving Size and Dosage

A standard daily dose is 3–5 grams. Some supplements add extras like HMB, electrolytes, or amino acids, so make sure the creatine content is still within the recommended range.

6. Match to Your Fitness Goals

• For muscle growth and strength: go with creatine monohydrate.
• For easy digestion: creatine HCL or micronized creatine.
• For recovery and endurance: blends with HMB, BCAAs, or electrolytes may be helpful

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How to Use Creatine

Taking creatine supplements is very simple, and following a few basic guidelines can help you get the best results.

The Daily Dose: 5 Grams

Most people should aim for a daily dose of 5 grams of creatine monohydrate. This amount is proven to be effective for increasing muscle stores and improving performance over time. You don't need to take more than this, as your body will simply get rid of the excess.

To Load or Not to Load?

You might have heard about a "loading phase," where you take a higher dose (like 20 grams per day) for the first week.

• Loading: This method helps your muscles get saturated with creatine faster, so you might see results in about a week.
• No Loading: You can also skip the loading phase and just take 5 grams every day. It will take a little longer (around 3-4 weeks) for your muscles to become fully saturated, but the final result will be the same.

Neither method is better, so choose the one that works for you.

When to Take It

The timing of your creatine dose isn't as critical as people once thought. Consistency is key. You can take your 5 grams at any time of the day.

• Post-Workout: Many people prefer to take it after a workout, as research suggests it might be slightly better absorbed when combined with carbohydrates and protein powder.
• Anytime: The most important thing is to take it regularly. Whether you take it with your breakfast, before your workout, or at night, as long as you take it every day, you will get the benefits.

Take It With Water

Creatine helps draw water into your muscle cells, so it's important to stay well-hydrated. Make sure to drink plenty of water throughout the day, especially when you start taking creatine.

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FAQs: Best Creatine on the Market

Q: Can beginners take creatine?

A: Yes, creatine is safe and beneficial for beginners. It can help new lifters gain strength and muscle faster, making those initial workouts more productive. The dosing recommendation (5g daily) is the same for all experience levels.

Q: Do I need to load creatine?

A: No, a loading phase (taking 20g daily for a week) is not necessary. While it can saturate your muscles faster, it can cause bloating. You will get the same results by taking a standard 5-gram dose daily—it just takes about 3-4 weeks to see the full effect.

Q: Is creatine safe?

A: Yes. Creatine is one of the most widely researched and scientifically supported supplements on the market. Decades of studies have shown that it is safe for healthy individuals when used at recommended dosages. However, as with any supplements, potential side effects can include dehydration, digestive issues, muscle cramps, and kidney issues (rare).

Q: Will creatine cause weight gain?

A: Creatine can cause a small amount of water retention in muscles, which might show as weight gain. However, this is mostly water weight and part of the muscle’s increased size and strength.

Q: Should I take creatine before or after workouts?

A: Both work. Many people prefer after workouts with a protein shake or meal, but timing is not as important as taking it daily.

Q: Can women take creatine?

A: Yes. Creatine is safe and effective for women. It helps with strength, energy, and muscle recovery just like it does for men.

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Final Thoughts

Creatine remains one of the most effective supplements for enhancing strength, muscle growth, and workout performance. The options on the market vary from simple monohydrate powders to advanced blends with added ingredients.

Choosing a creatine supplement depends on individual preferences and training needs. The products reviewed offer a range of benefits and formulations designed to fit different lifestyles and goals.

Daily creatine supplementation use matters far more than any minor timing details. Find a pure product from a trusted brand and expect real results.

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References

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• Antonio, J., Candow, D. G., Forbes, S. C., Gualano, B., Jagim, A. R., Kreider, R. B., Rawson, E. S., Smith-Ryan, A. E., VanDusseldorp, T. A., Willoughby, D. S., & Ziegenfuss, T. N. (2021). Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: What does the scientific evidence really show? Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 18(1), 13.
• Chilibeck, P. D., Kaviani, M., Candow, D. G., & Zello, G. A. (2017). Effect of creatine supplementation during resistance training on lean tissue mass and muscular strength in older adults: A meta-analysis. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 8, 213–226.
• Vandenberghe, K., Goris, M., Van Hecke, P., Van Leemputte, M., Vangerven, L., & Hespel, P. (1997). Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training. Journal of Applied Physiology, 83(6), 2055–2063.
• Buford, T. W., Kreider, R. B., Stout, J. R., Greenwood, M., Campbell, B., Spano, M., … Antonio, J. (2007). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: Creatine supplementation and exercise. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 4(6), 1–8.
• Cooper, R., Naclerio, F., Allgrove, J., & Jimenez, A. (2012). Creatine supplementation with specific view to exercise/sports performance: An update. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 9(33), 1–11.
• Persky, A. M., & Brazeau, G. A. (2001). Clinical pharmacology of the dietary supplement creatine monohydrate. Pharmacological Reviews, 53(2), 161–176.
• Wallimann, T., Tokarska-Schlattner, M., & Schlattner, U. (2011). The creatine kinase system and pleiotropic effects of creatine. Amino Acids, 40(5), 1271–1296